Constraints: An Integrated Viewpoint

The theory of constraints has been researched in both leisure studies and motor behavior within kinesiology. Constraints are limitations or barriers imposed on the individual that may lead to decreased or non-participation in an activity. Findings have led to the formulation of several frameworks in order to direct the research surrounding constraints. The purpose of this paper is to outline the frameworks as designed by Crawford and colleagues (Crawford & Godbey, 1987; Crawford, Jackson, & Godbey, 1991) and Newell (1986), and to provide inference for integrating the two frameworks to direct further research. By extending the model proposed by Crawford and associates (1991), future research may benefit from a more inclusive model drawing from the strengths of allied fields.